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Justitiële verkenningen

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Aflevering 4, 2014 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
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Artikel

De geest als aangrijpingspunt

De betekenis van gedragssturing in veiligheid, gezondheid en onderwijs

Trefwoorden mind politics, nudging, security, public health, social policy
Auteurs Dr. R. Peeters en Dr. mr. M. Schuilenburg
Auteursinformatie

Dr. R. Peeters
Dr. Rik Peeters is werkzaam als adviseur bij de Kafkabrigade (www.kafkabrigade.nl) en als onderzoeker en docent bij de Tilburgse School voor Politiek en Bestuur.

Dr. mr. M. Schuilenburg
Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg is verbonden aan de vakgroep Criminologie van de Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam.
Artikel

Eerste hulp bij emancipatie: waarom we nudging nodig hebben

Trefwoorden paternalism, Foucault, emancipatory norms, interactive metal fatigue, nudging
Auteurs Dr. G. van Oenen
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Both the traditional liberal view of freedom as absence of paternalist state interference and the nonliberal Foucaultian analysis of modern governmentality as fully consisting of behavioural management cannot provide an adequate explanation or justification of the popularity of nudging. Alternatively, the theory of interactive metal fatigue shows why nudging is neither paternalist nor managerial; it is better understood as a much-needed and very contemporary way of assisting the modern individual who is no longer able to carry the full burden of his own emancipation. Nudging is thus found unobjectionable, and even beneficial, as long as it enables individuals to act in accordance with the emancipatory norms they themselves adhere to, but not always manage to act on, due to interactive metal fatigue.


Dr. G. van Oenen
Dr. Gijs van Oenen is als universitair hoofddocent sociale en politieke filosofie verbonden aan de Faculteit der Wijsbegeerte van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; daarnaast is hij fellow van het Erasmus University College.
Artikel

Gedragsbeïnvloeding via voeding

Enkele toepassingen besproken

Trefwoorden diet, food insecurity, behaviour modification, prediction of behaviour, glucose metabolism
Auteurs A. Zaalberg Msc
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Recent research shows that behaviour is not only influenced by the psychosocial environment, but can also – partially – be explained by the biology in humans. In this paper dietary phenomena are explored. Data from large prospective cohort studies show that dietary patterns are associated with intelligence, school achievement and behavioural problems in children. Furthermore, detrimental behavioural effects of food insecurity, in severe cases hunger, are suggested by recent research. Sugar gets special attention in this paper. Contrary to common knowledge, sugar doesn’t seem to have a negative impact on behaviour. On the other hand, research suggests that glucose metabolism might explain aspects of impulsive aggressive behaviour. It might be possible to make prediction of future aggressive behaviour, using data from glucose metabolism. Finally experimental studies suggest that dietary modification is causally linked to behavioural improvement in offenders and people suffering from a variety of mental problems.


A. Zaalberg Msc
Ap Zaalberg MSc is als onderzoeker verbonden aan het WODC. Hij doet promotieonderzoek naar enerzijds de relatie tussen voeding en gedrag bij justitiabelen, en anderzijds de relatie tussen neurotoxische stoffen en crimineel gedrag.
Artikel

Indammen van sociale agressie met dynamische verlichting

Het De-escalate-project in Eindhoven

Trefwoorden aggression, escalation, environmental factors, lighting, light applications
Auteurs Dr. A. Haans en Dr. Y.A.W. De Kort
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    There are numerous situations in which human behavior may escalate; in which persons lose self-control, get abusive, aggressive, and cross behavioral boundaries they would normally not cross. Such situations may occur in crowded outdoor situations (public events, urban night life) as well as in small-scale indoor settings (prisons, service & help desks, psychiatric wards). The De-escalate project studies the utilization of dynamic lighting in preventing escalation and in defusing aggressive situations. In De-escalate, Eindhoven University of Technology cooperates with governmental and non-profit organizations, and commercial partners to develop and test mechanisms for de-escalation through light, for example, by lowering arousal, inducing positive mood, broadening attention, increasing self-awareness and self-control. The project aims to broaden our understanding of the effects of light in controlled laboratory studies, and will develop and test methods of de-escalation through light in situ; in two escalation-prone real life settings including Eindhoven’s inner-city entertainment area Stratumseind.


Dr. A. Haans
Dr. ir. Antal Haans is als universitair docent verbonden aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.

Dr. Y.A.W. De Kort
Dr. ir. Yvonne de Kort is als universitair hoofddocent werkzaam bij de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
Artikel

Compliance analyseren met behulp van het Willen-Kunnen-Durven-model

Trefwoorden compliance, Willing-being Able-daring framework, tendency to transgress, opportunity, deterrence
Auteurs Prof. dr. H. Elffers
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The ‘Willing-Being Able-Daring’ (WBAD) framework for analysing rule compliance is introduced and explained. It models rule transgression as the result of climbing a three step staircase: people first have to form a will to not-comply, then see whether they can find an opportunity to transgress the rule without being caught for certain, and finally have to decide to take the risk, facing the consequences of being caught and issued an informal or formal reaction in terms of social disapproval or juridical prosecution. The WBAD framework proposes to identify which of these steps is (too) low, using expert meetings or surveys. It advocates to ponder on ways to increase the heights of the steps. It is claimed that the approach is simpler and hence more parsimonious than the Table-of-Eleven-approach commonly used in The Netherlands. The approach is illustrated with an example from the realm of tax compliance. The article concludes with sketching a perspective when to apply WBAD.


Prof. dr. H. Elffers
Prof. dr. Henk Elffers is senior onderzoeker bij het Nederlands Studiecentrum Criminaliteit en Rechtshandhaving (NSCR) te Amsterdam en emeritus hoogleraar aan de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam.
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