Samenvatting

This article, based on a literature review, looks at the ways in which AI can be used for criminal activities. The literature can be divided in three categories: (1) crimes with AI, (2) crimes on AI, and (3) crimes by AI. The first category consists of the use of AI to commit traditional forms of crime. A well-known form is deepfakes in which people are fooled with non-existent images. A second category is crime directed against AI. For example, an attempt is made to hack the AI itself or deliberately influence a decision model. In the third category, AI commits crimes without any human action. In such cases, AI makes decisions that are punishable by the letter of the law, like e.g. discriminatory practices. Finally, the article covers legal discussions on liability, responsibility and criminalization of AI-crime.